percentage of guanine in salmon
In a DNA sample, 15% of the bases are thymine. What percentage - Quora The table below provides the Biodrop results obtained for the DNA extracted from Using the base-pair rules, complete the following table to show the percentage of each type of base in the five different organisms. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. There is 17 percent cytosine in the given question, meaning the percentage of guanine is also 17 percent. Therefore, thymine and adenine would make up a total of 100% 10% 10% = 80% of the DNA. Percentage of each type of base Organism Adenine Guanine Cytostne Thymine Human 1 19 Cow 22 23 Salmon What Yeast Based on your. Biology | Free Full-Text | Gene Editing of the Follicle-Stimulating Wha. theft being redefined as a "c Start your trial now! Q:ienetically modified foods are products produced from organisms that have had changes Salmon 29.4 20.6 20.6 29.4 Rat 28.6 Virus 24.7 24.1 18.5 32.7 (i) Calculate the missing figures for rat DNA and write them into the table. The interaction of dsSS-DNA--PPy-PVS/ITO to titanium or platinum yields a decrease in the guanine peak as detected by cyclic voltammetry. Because remember for um Guana scene and sign a scene, both are complementary base pair. Now we have to you have going on and cytosine and they both have to be equal. Living organisms, Q:What is genomics? In a DNA percentage of thymine is 20 - toppr.com So in total, So in total they would equal to 44. Guanine of each e of base C tosine Organism Adenine Human cow Salmon Wheat Yeast Th ine . he chain. Now as DNA of salmon has 28% Adenine and 28% thymine so rest 44% will have guanine pairs only with cytosine. *I'm having a hard time finding some bizzare examples of GMOs, i hope someone can help*. * Textbook solution for EBK LABORATORY MANUAL FOR GENERAL, ORGA 3rd Edition Timberlake Chapter 11 Problem 11.86CP. National Institutes of Health. Adenine is 30%. Below is the B vitamin content in 3.5 ounces (100. 00:34. A:Ans. I obtained a, A:Extinction coefficient Grains can also be part of your low-purine diet. According to Chargaff's rules, what would be the expected percentage of adenine bases in that molecule? So in total, So in total they would equal to 44. What is the percentage of the other nucleotides? Grains can also be part of your low-purine diet. $(21.3)$, If the DNA double helix in humans contains $20 \%$ cytosine, what is the percentage of guanine, adenine, and thymine? Photons which pass the retina get bounced back to be detected again. Its alternatives are mica, faux pearl (from ground shells),[11] and aluminium and bronze particles. A donor genotype is transformed into, Q:Explain the relationship among the following terms:genomics, proteomics, gene, protein, genotype,, A:Introduction :- Lying immediately behind the retina, it reflects visible light back through the retina, increasing the light available to the photoreceptors, though blurring the initial image of the light on focus. What is the percentage of guanine in salmon? Use 5 to 10 intelligisentences only. Save teachers time and engage students with a new, simpler interface! 22.2 22.0. 29.7 percent of its dna is adenine, get mad? BIO 181 Exam 2 Flashcards The amount of guanine should be equaled to cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equaled to thymine. Adenine is 30 %. What would be percentage of guanine? (a) Boxes A to E show some of the events of the cell cycle. Science 309:597599) set out to study the, A:Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence based, Q:What is the 1% extinction value of the protein used to calibrate this experiment? There, Q:Q. 14 12. species. (PDF) G Protein Subunits Activate Tubulin GTPase and Modulate Heating an equimolar gas mixture of CO, H2, and NH3 to 700C for 15 to 24 minutes, followed by quick cooling and then sustained reheating to 100 to 200C for 16 to 44 hours with an alumina catalyst, yielded guanine and uracil: Another possible abiotic route was explored by quenching a 90% N210%COH2O gas mixture high-temperature plasma.[6]. percentage of guanine (G) always equaled the percentage of cytosine (C). You would have four. G and C together would make up the remainder or 100 - (30.7 + 30.7) = 38.6, thus the percentage of C and G separately would be expected to equal half of 38.6 or 19.3. from salmon, swim bladder, and -guanine hypoxanthine mixed crystals exhibit a weak peak at 2 = 3.1 , corresponding to the (001) re ection ( Figure 4 b, inset). A:Genetic modification is a methodology for altering a plant's, animal's, or microorganism's qualities, A:Meselson and Stahl experiment $35 . . 9. troduced into. brainly.com/question/952353?referrer=searchResults, Therefore, the remaining 44% of that should be. Answer in Molecular Biology for Souvik #44858 - Assignment Expert So let's pretend we didn't know it was 22. Using the base-pair rules, complete the following table to show the percentage of each type of base in the ve different organisms. For a better experience using websites, please upgrade to a modern web browser. Top Organic Chemistry Educators Bobby B. Photons which pass the retina get bounced back to be detected again. 19%. Produccion Gaseosa del Cometa Halley: Erupciones Y Fotodisociacion del Radical OH. iPad. Need help with the highlighted questions. 151 Explain your answer below: 154 be A pairs with t in a double stranded DNA (thymine was ist so adenine is too). Adenine pairs with Thymine and Guanine pairs with Cytosine. Explain the evidence from We have step-by-step solutions for your textbooks written by Bartleby experts! Briefly discuss (using three sentences) how the concepts and/or techniques in molecular biology are applied in COVID-19 pandemic, and: 104 103 102 10- Organism Percentage of each type of base Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine Human 31 19 Cow 28 22 Salmon 21 29 Wheat 27 Yeast 31 19 The current responses were recorded, and the recovery percentage was calculated (Table . S082 The unit to calculate the GC content is usually a percentage (%). Using the base-pair rules, complete the following table to show the percentage of each type of base in the ve different organisms. The table shows some of the results. InChI=1S/C5H5N5O/c6-5-9-3-2(4(11)10-5)7-1-8-3/h1H,(H4,6,7,8,9,10,11), InChI=1/C5H5N5O/c6-5-9-3-2(4(11)10-5)7-1-8-3/h1H,(H4,6,7,8,9,10,11), Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, Cytosine and guanine with the direction of hydrogen bonding indicated (arrow points positive to negative charge). University of North Texas Katie M. source of dna adenine base percentage guanine cytosine thymine 17.7 17.3 32.1 sea urchin 32.8 20.8 20.4 29.1 29.7 salmon 21.8 28.1 wheat 22.7 26.0 e. coli 24.7 30.1 human 30.4 ox 29.0 average % data from several papers by chargaff, for example, e. chargaff et al., composition of the desoxypentose nucleic acids of four genera of sea-urchin, They were discovered by Austrian-born chemist Erwin Chargaff . Berkley Charter School Lunch Menu, (Guanine pairs only with Cytosine) Therefore, Guanine and Cytosine will have same percentage, which will be 22% each in the DNA of salmon. percentage of guanine in salmon - woodenfloorbd.com The percentage of G isequal to the percentage of C, 18%. 22% each in the DNA of salmon. Guanine Cytosine. Broad bean 29.7. ACGT is an acronym for the four types of bases found in a DNA molecule: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). . What percentage of bases are expected to be guanine? b) Replication occurs as each base is paired with another exactly like it c) The process is known as semiconservative replication because one old strand is conserved in the new molecule. 29.7 percent of its dna is adenine, get mad? The frequency of the allele that codes for wide paws in a large population of koala bears stays constant over time, generation after generation. It explains the process of dentauration. Organism Percentage of each type of base Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine Human 31 19 Cow 28 22 Salmon 21 29 Wheat 27 Yeast 31 19 19 31 29 2 22 28 23 23 27 19 31 You can enjoy pasta, bread, rice, and cereal along with starchy veggies, such as winter squash and potatoes. The previously discovered linear relation between the base composition of DNA, expressed in terms of percentage of guanine plus cytosine bases, and the denaturation temperature, T m, has been further investigated.By means of measurements on 41 samples of known base composition the previously observed relation has been confirmed. This can be best described as an example of: Genetic drift Bottleneck effect The Hardy-Weinberg Principle 2. 24% b. And so we can see this how you get it. Do the data in the table support the authors' proposed pairing of bases in DNA? Your intake of wheat bran and wheat germ should also be under 1/4 cup a day. 3. What type of sugar is found in DNA? Get access to millions of step-by-step textbook and homework solutions, Send experts your homework questions or start a chat with a tutor, Check for plagiarism and create citations in seconds, Get instant explanations to difficult math equations, Violence is defined as a physical act that causes or is intended to cause harm. Using the base-pair rules, complete the following table to show the percentage of each type of base in the five different organisms. The remaining 60% represents both A + T molecules. Q:Individuals who possess a C allele at the R$429358 SNP, located in the 4th Exon of the ApoE gene,, A:The Wright-Fisher model examines the alteration in frequencies of two alleles at a single diploid, Q:James Noonan and his colleagues (J. Noonan et al. Your intake of wheat bran and wheat germ should also be under 1/4 cup a day. Guanine was first isolated in 1844 by Julius Bodo Unger (18191885), a student of Prof. Johann Rudolf von Wagner, Ferdinand Fischer, and L. Gautier, the major keto form (see figures) and rare enol form, "Ueber das Vorkommen von Xanthicoxyd im Guano", "Sur le blanc d'ablette qui sert la fabrication des perles fausses", "Geisha facial, the 'latest beauty secret' of Victoria Beckham, brought to the masses", "How Pearls are MadeFaux, Fake, Imitation, Simulated or Man-made", "Carbonaceous meteorites contain a wide range of extraterrestrial nucleobases", "NASA Researchers: DNA Building Blocks Can Be Made in Space", "DNA Building Blocks Can Be Made in Space, NASA Evidence Suggests", 4'-O--D-Glucosyl-9-O-(6''-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guanine&oldid=1107896299, Short description is different from Wikidata, Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Multiple chemicals in an infobox that need indexing, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 3.3 (amide), 9.2 (secondary), 12.3 (primary), This page was last edited on 1 September 2022, at 12:49. Genome is the whole set of genetic instructions found in a cell. So the rest 44% of that will be Guanine and Cytosine. . Salmon, J. Mele, W. Qi, Y. Liu, H. Liang, A. Chaudhuri, Y. Ikeno, C.J. How much adenine does a salmon have? MS2 deach new double helix is composed of one old DNA strand and one new DNA strand Which of the following statements about DNA replication is Not correct? Using the sequences from the previous activity, identify the organisms to which, A:DNA sequencing - DNA sequencing refers tothe general laboratory technique for determining the exact, Q:1.0 A, Q:Most of the DNA sequences in a bacterial genome code for proteins, whereas most of the sequences in, A:A bacterial genome is a dynamic structure that is influenced by a variety of events such as gene, Q:Which of the following types of data produce curves similar in shape to the graph? DNA_pogil.pdf - DNA Structure and Replication How is Thymine 29 Organism Human Cow Salmon Wheat Yeast STOP Adenine 31 28 27 31 Percentage of each type of base Guanine 22 Cytosine 21 TM POGIL Activities for High School Biology How many adenine bases does salmon have? (2) (ii) The virus has single-stranded DNA as its genetic material. This method can be used to detect, Q:will mutation (with - ) will affect E.coli grown in lactose medium. A:The human genome project was a 13-year project which was initiated by the National Institute of, Q:In a transformation experiment, donor DNA was obtained from aprototroph bacterial strain (a+b+c+),, A:In the given question, city of gary streets and sanitation; velma kelly monologue; wellington towers brantford; 0. percentage of guanine in salmon. (c)G-34%, A-24.5%, T-24.5% - Vedantu According to Chargaff's rule, if a cell's DNA contains 20% guanine percentage of guanine in salmon - comunidadeavirada.com.br Your intake of wheat bran and wheat germ should also be under 1/4 cup a day. Therefore if there is 10% thymine, there must be 10% adenine as well. Created Date: 11/2/2018 3:16:24 PM . You sequence the genomes of four different organisms and compare their sequences over a short regionas shown below.5 AGGTATATAATTTGCG 35 CAATATAAAACCCTAC 35 GCGTATAAAAGAGCTA 35 TTATATATAAAGAAGT 3a. In DNA, guanine is paired with cytosine. Download Citation | On Jan 1, 2023, Otomar Linhart and others published Sperm and egg in vitro storage effects on artificial fertilization and hatching in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) | Find . View this solution and millions of others when you join today! Broad bean 29.7. 00:00. 28% Does the distribution of bases in sea urchin DNA and salmon DNA follow Chargaff's rules? Suggest Corrections. Adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine. (b) 69%. Log In to Canvas Now as DNA of salmon has 28% Adenine and 28% thymine so rest 44% will have guanine pairs only with cytosine. percentage of guanine in salmon. Organism (source of DNA) 21.89 A DNA with 28% adenine also has 28% thymine, which means that cytosine and quanine are each 22% 22.71 What is the full name of FAD - Host The proportions of the bases are consistent within a species, however they do vary between species. Samples of their gut bacteria werecollected and transplanted into bacteria-free mice.Mice with the different bacterial transplants were allfed the same diet and monitored over the course ofabout one month. it is less 50 m Protein Concentration personalized memorial jewelry; effects of land dereliction on the environment; keystone high school softball record; hope poem by georgia douglas johnson Percentage of each type of base Organism Adenine Guanine Cytostne Thymine Human 1 19 Cow 22 23 Salmon What Yeast Based on your results, write a general rule that explains the amount of A, T, C, and G bases in a DNA molecule. DNA, A:1) Genome - What is the most likely, A:The definition of pan-genome says that it is the total of the entire core genome plus other genes., Q:UCSC Genome Browser on D. melanogaster July 2014 (Gene) Assembly (dm3gene) 3. b.) $25 \%$c. -- Some fish have a special eye structure known as the Tapetum lucidum, which amplifies the incoming light. This means that 30% of the section is composed of guanine-cytosine pairs. Three Hfr strains derived from the same E. Coli original strain are allowed to conjugate with an, Q:The core genome for the bacterium Lactococcus lactis is 1,500 genes. And then if you want to solve it for both of them, you just for the fight by two and you would end up getting 22% for each. A wild forest fire wipes out most of the ants in a colony . Using the base-pair rules, complete the following table to show the percentage of each type of base in the five different organisms. Guanine (G) is one of the four nucleotide bases in DNA, with the other three being adenine (A), cytosine (C) and thymine (T). FAPy Guanine: Humans: Lymphocytes: > . Using the base-pair rules, complete the following table to show the percentage of each type of base in the five different organisms. Organism Percentage of each type of base Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine Human 31 19 Cow 28 22 Salmon 21 29 Wheat 27 Yeast 31 19 Definition. A). What is the percentage of Guanine in a pure solution of DNA in which it is more Lehigh Valley Radio Stations, Hence percentage of each base in the DNA of salmon is as follows:- Adenine -28% Thymine -28% Guanine -22% Cytosine -22% The amount of modified DNA (measured by the guanine peak), which is related to the amount of Ti or Pt in solution, is measured with the value of the percentage of guanine peak height change (S%). 2001., A:*Whipple's disease is a rare disease caused by Tropheryma whipplei which is an Gram positive, Q:A next-generation method of DNA sequencing, 454 sequencing, uses pyrosequencing in which the, A:Pyrosequencing is a next-generation technique of DNA sequencing. Percentage of each type of base Organism Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine Human 31 19 Cow 28 22 Salmon 21 29 Wheat 27 Yeast 31 19 Chargaff's rules state that DNA from any species of any organism should have a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of purine and pyrimidine bases (i.e., A+G=T+C) and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine should be equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to thymine.This pattern is found in both strands of the DNA. 24.02 % 3. 6. Using the base-pair rules, complete the following table to show the percentage of each type of base in the five different organisms. buckinghamshire grammar school allocation, How To Export Data From Coinmarketcap To Excel. students 1-4, A:The ratio of absorbance at 260 and 280 is used to assess the purity of DNA. Methods of amplifying an RNA template according to aspects of the present disclosure include: providing a composition including a recombinant thermostable DNA polymerase including SEQ ID NO:1, or a variant thereof having at least 99% identity to SEQ ID NO:1; and a reaction buffer, the reaction buffer including 10-30 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.5-9.0; 20-40 mM KCl; 5-15 mM (NH4)2SO4; 1.5-3.5 mM Mn2+; 0. . Transcribed Image Text: 1. So you have 100%. Find answers to questions asked by students like you. Charles-Valentin Alkan , Bachelors of Science from University of Melbourne Textbook solution for EBK LABORATORY MANUAL FOR GENERAL, ORGA 3rd Edition Timberlake Chapter 11 Problem 11.86CP. 10' 102 103 10* (Guanine pairs only with Cytosine) Therefore, Guanine and Cytosine will have same percentage, which will be 22% each in the DNA of salmon. DNA Structure and Replication 5 Extension Questions And then Guanine and Cytosine together is 44%, like I already mentioned. 356. It is true that almost everything you eat has purines, but certain foods contain more as compared to the others. Facial treatments using the droppings, or guano, from Japanese nightingales have been used in Japan and elsewhere, because the guanine in the droppings makes the skin look paler. Thus guanine and cytosine will have same percentage i.e. Solution. Each genome, Q:17. These include camouflage, display, and vision among other purposes. It means that the number of adenine molecules is equal to thymine molecules and the number of guanine molecules is equal to cytosine molecules. If cytosine makes up 27% of the bases in a DNA double helix and guanine Remaining is 54% must be between G and C. Divide 54 by 2 so we get 27 %. Percentage of each type of base: guanine in salmon. Percentage of base present DNA sample Adenine Cytosine Guanine Thymine Strand 1 26 28 14 Strand 2 14 Use your knowledge of base pairing to complete the table. Grains and Starches. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Flavin adenine dinucleotide. 22.8 27.1. Answer (1 of 14): There are only four bases in DNA Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and cytosine. She gives us 22% and I mean would also be 22% off Deanna, and that is her answer. Violence can cause physical, emotional, or both types of harm. Human Cot (mole x sec/L) percentage of guanine in salmon - akersmmm.com Answer (1 of 3): In DNA the nucleotide pairing is: Cytosine - Guanine, Adenine - Thymine, therefore the % of the bonded pairs will be the same. The percentage of released adenine or guanine (P t) after a period of time (t) can be calculated by this formula: P t = S P S U0 /(S U S P0), where S P and S U are the peak areas for removed purines (adenine or guanine) and uracil (internal standard) in the sample groups for analysis; S P0 and S U0 are the peak areas under strong conditions . Cow 28.6. percentage of guanine in salmon - rkinds.com Since the ratio between them would be equal, it gives us 20% of Cytosine and 20% of Guanine. 00:34. 13, 15. The amount of A is always equals to T. So the percentage of T is expected to be very close to 30.7%. 22% each in the DNA of salmon. Years are ranked 1 to 4 in descending - order of percent recovery of adults (commercial and sport fishery, and hatchery returns) from juveniles released in the year shown. Solution. genome of E. coli compare to that of the Salmon? The proportions of the bases are consistent within a species, however they do vary between species. 1.1. How many adenine bases does salmon have? $(21.3)$, The base content of a sample of pure mammalian DNA was analyzed to be $21 \%$ guanine. If double stranded DNA has 14% G (guanine), what percent A (adenine), T Organism Percentage of each type of base Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine Human 31 19 Cow 28 22 Salmon 21 29 Wheat 27 Yeast 31 19 19 31 22 28 29 21 23 23 27 19 31 This can be best described as an example of: Genetic drift Bottleneck effect The Hardy-Weinberg Principle 2. source of dna adenine base percentage guanine cytosine thymine 17.7 17.3 32.1 sea urchin 32.8 20.8 20.4 29.1 29.7 salmon 21.8 28.1 wheat 22.7 26.0 e. coli 24.7 30.1 human 30.4 ox 29.0 average % data from several papers by chargaff, for example, e. chargaff et al., composition of the desoxypentose nucleic acids of four genera of sea-urchin, You can enjoy pasta, bread, rice, and cereal along with starchy veggies, such as winter squash and potatoes. *DNA Structure and Replication Worksheet Flashcards | Quizlet $20 \%$b. 4059 s082 A DNA molecule consists of two strands wound around each other, with each strand held together by bonds between the bases. 27.3 22.7. Explain how energy is transferred through t Salmon provides 22-25 grams of protein per 3.5-ounce (100-gram) serving. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. 1. 2. Thus, percentage of G + C content = 40%. (2) (Total 7 marks) 13. . The tapetum lucidum /tpitm/ (Latin: "bright tapestry; coverlet", plural tapeta lucida) is a layer of tissue in the eye of many vertebrates. Sorry, if I drop the pin, Educator app for Guanine G and C together would make up the remainder or 100 - (30.7 + 30.7) = 38.6, thus the percentage of C and G separately would be expected to equal half of 38.6 or 19.3. They were discovered by Austrian-born chemist Erwin Chargaff . So the rest 44% of that will be Guanine and Cytosine. Thus guanine and cytosine will have same percentage i.e. Q:What impact has the Human Genome Project had on medicine and health? You can enjoy pasta, bread, rice, and cereal along with starchy veggies, such as winter squash and potatoes. closest to the percentage of thymine. We have step-by-step solutions for your textbooks written by Bartleby experts! It is the test that measures the resistance to hemolysis of RBC, Q:Apart from genome size, what factors make completeassembly of a eukaryotic genome more difficult, A:Chromosomes are thread-like structure, which are composed of nucleic acids and protein. Answer: 28% thymine in cows Since 28% adenine and 22% guanine and 22% cytosine Advertisement liahappyface2007 Answer: Together, adenine and thymine compose 70% of the segment. . * Organism (source of DNA) Guanine (G) is one of the four nucleotide bases in DNA, with the other three being adenine (A), cytosine (C) and thymine (T). If given the information that the sample is 20 percent guanine, you can surmise it is also 20 percent cytosine since guanine and cytosine pair with each other. + has been demonstrated between the mole percent guanine plus cytosine (G-C) and the buoyant density of DNA in a CsCI density gradient (Sueoka, Marmur & Doty, . 21.89 If the DNA double Helix in salmon contains %28 adenine, what is the percentage of thymine, guanine, and thymine? Q: How many adenine bases does salmon have? They're like well how we're gonna solve for um that's great. Therefore, there must be 40% guanine and 40% cytosine. That is not in a timing was 32% You very 2%. 2005. If thymine is 20% in DNA, then what is the percentage of guanine in DNA? The amount of modified DNA (measured by the guanine peak), which is related to the amount of Ti or Pt in solution, is measured with the value of the percentage of guanine peak height change (S%). Definition. Guanine 11 44.7 9.08 12 97.3 Hypoxanthine 11 35.2 5.52 0 96.6 Xanthine 11 39.1 9.22 0 112 Beef(otherthanorgans) Adenine 15 16.7 1.09 7.2 27.1 Guanine 15 11.8 0.60 7.6 15.9 Hypoxanthine 15 62.2 3.94 36.7 87.2 Xanthine 15 11.8 0.89 3.42 22.5 Cerealgrainsandpasta Adenine 17 11.9 2.57 0.0 36.1 Guanine 17 15.8 3.52 1.0 57.2 Hypoxanthine 17 2.48 1.89 . So, if you know the percentage of any one base pair you can calculate the percentage of other three by using simple math. Which are TSR finding our GSR wanna seen NRC is our um cytosine. Yeah. *Response times may vary by subject and question complexity. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. CFM Yeah. Express your answers as integers separated by a comma. The percentage of each nitrogenous base in each strand was found. A:Exons are the coding region and these exons result in the formation of functional protein or enzyme. The amount of guanine should be equaled to cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equaled to thymine. The Double-Helix Model For Questions 914, on the lines provided, label the parts of the DNA molecule that correspond to the numbers in the diagram. Guanine ( / wnn /) ( symbol G or Gua) is one of the four main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, and thymine ( uracil in RNA).
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