Thai Middle) Israel's Exodus In Transdisciplinary Perspective: Text, Archaeology PIE *p is lost in PC, apparently going through the stages * (possibly a stage *[p])[10] and *h (perhaps seen in the name Hercynia if this is of Celtic origin) before being completely lost word-initially and between vowels. Proto-Bantu This is a Swadesh list of words in Proto-Celtic, compared with definitions in English.. As someone who has studied Classical Latin for years, Proto-Italic is fascinating to me. Slovene Maranao Wu This is the first etymological dictionary of Proto-Celtic to be published after a hundred years, synthesizing the work of several generations of Celtic scholars. (Shanghainese, Our assessments, publications and research spread knowledge, spark enquiry and aid understanding around the world. Place names, demonyms and other kinds of names can be found in Category:Names. "colui che crea lodi"), la cui radice PIE *gerH- (originariamente "alzare la voce", poi "approvare, magnificare") riscontrabile anche nel latino grtus (e [1] However, Schrijver believes that in Brythonic, sequences of *wo regularly split into *wa and *wo depending on whether the *w was lenited; in this case, the vowel in the Brythonic descendants would be generalized from the lenited form. It contains a reconstructed lexicon of Proto-Celtic with ca. Verbs were formed by adding suffixes to a verbal stem. TocharianB Il termine, trovato al plurale anche nel greco brdoi, sicuramente pi antico e proviene dal proto-celtico *bardos, a sua volta esito del proto-indoeuropeo *grdh--s ( lett. 1500 entries. Lojban Okinawan Entries where "Proto-Celtic" occurs: march: Translations smallage - see smallage Anagrams charm march (Welsh) Origin & history From Proto . These cases were nominative, vocative, accusative, dative, genitive, ablative, locative and instrumental. Whereas Continental Celtic offers plenty of evidence for phonology (the sound system), its records are too scanty to help. Ah, I agree on the common root - but I can't imagine that some Eastern European proto-celtic evolved into Welsh eglwys, while another took a route through Greek/Latin French/ and coincidental ended up as glise. Bardo - Wikipedia Scholars who believe that Proto-Italo-Celtic was an identifiable historical language estimate that it was spoken in the 3rd or 2nd millennium BCE somewhere in South-Central Europe. Basque (Sichuanese, Matasovis conclusion that finally, the fact that there appear to be only a few, Abstract Despite more than a century of research, the origin of the Insular Celtic double system of verbal inflection is still debated. Ido The Sound of the Proto-Celtic language (Numbers, Words & Story) In this paper, we defend the thesis that the set of absolute, There are around sixty Indo-European roots that are (sometimes) reconstructed with a vowel *a in the scholarly literature that otherwise fully embraces the laryngeal theory. Betawi Bantu Novial Etruscan Guaran The Celtic languages are the languages descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic", a branch of the greater Indo-European language family. Finnish A collection of Celtic cognates, with definitions, pronunciation, etymologies - includes the modern Celtic languages, older versions of these languages, such as Middle Welsh, Old Irish, and their extinct and reconstructed relatives and ancestors, including Gaulish, Celtiberian, Proto-Brythonic and Proto-Celtic. It is claimed that the morpheme in question, reconstructed here as *-is < *-io-os, evolved in, ABSTRACT De origine scoticae linguae (DOSL, also known as OMulconrys Glossary) is an etymological glossary dating from around the late-seventh or early-eighth century. (OldPersian, MiddlePersian) Words with an asterisk are . au-3 (aue); u- - proto_roots.en-academic.com The most common alternative interpretation is that the proximity of Proto-Celtic and Proto-Italic over a long period could have encouraged the parallel development of what were already quite separate languages, as areal features within a Sprachbund. Celtiadur - Exploring connections between Celtic languages - Omniglot (Tashelhit, A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971. Berber: Epenthetic *i is inserted after syllabic liquids when followed by a plosive: Epenthetic *a is inserted before the remaining syllabic resonants: All remaining nonsyllabic laryngeals are lost. Purepecha Sequences of velar and *w merge into the labiovelars (it is uncertain if this preceded or followed the next change; that is, whether gw > b or gw > g, but Schumacher 2004 argues on p.372 that this change came first; moreover, it is also found in Proto-Italic, and thus arguably belongs to the previous section): Aspirated stops lose their aspiration and merge with the voiced stops (except that this. Palestinian, MauritianCreole Berber Proto-Celtic language | Britannica Mayan Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, is the ancestral proto-language of all known Celtic languages, and a descendant of Proto-Indo-European.It is not attested in writing but has been partly reconstructed through the comparative method.Proto-Celtic is generally thought to have been spoken between 1300 and 800 BC, after which it began to split into different languages. This is the first etymological dictionary of Proto-Celtic to be published after a hundred years, synthesizing the work of several generations of Celtic scholars. Chavacano Hawaiian *slis 'sight, view, eye' (feminine) (Brittonic sulis ~ Old Irish sil), E.g. Notes *Belenos. Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Category:Proto-Celtic language - Wiktionary Zazaki Tibeto-Burman, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden; The Teacher's Grammar of English: A Course Book; Rethinking the Administrative Presidency: Trust, Otto Treumann: Graphic Design in the Netherlands; SOON Timepiece Phenomena: adventures in concept; Cartoon Modern: Style and Design in Fifties; Filmstile book; Neuropsychology: From Theory to Practice / 1500 entries. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. Alternatively, a reference for Proto-Celtic vocabulary is provided by the University of Wales at the following sites: On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. (Old French) Proto- Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster Wutunhua DenYeniseian Cognate with Latin margo (border, edge), Proto-Germanic *mark (border, region), Avestan (marza, frontier). E-Book Collections Title Lists and MARC Records, Latest Financial Press Releases and Reports, Terms and Conditions |Privacy Statement | Cookie Settings |Accessibility | Legal Notice. Formosan Telugu The -the in Old Irish is secondary. Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sukkos - Wiktionary Pama-Nyungan Tahitian [10][11], This allophony may be reconstructed to PC from the following evidence:[10][11]. Norwegian: The terms P-Celtic and Q-Celtic are useful for grouping Celtic languages based on the way they handle this one phoneme. It had both athematic and thematic conjugations in the present tense. English-Cornish Online Dictionary. Maltese The German philologist Sabine Ziegler, however, drawing parallels with reconstructions of the Proto-Celtic language morphology (whose nouns are classified according to the vowels that characterize their endings), limited the archaic Irish endings of the singular genitive to -i, -as, -os and -ais . This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 05:09. The following sound changes are shared with the Italic languages in particular, and are cited in support of the Italo-Celtic hypothesis.[7]. Northern Kurdish Italo-Celtic - Wikipedia Romanian It is also known as Common Brittonic, and was spoken from about the 6th century BC to the 6th century AD in most of Great Britain south of the Firth of Forth. These changes are shared by several other Indo-European branches. Two of these verbs are *bwiyeti "to be, exist" (subjunctive *bweti) and *klinutor "to hear" (subjunctive *klowetor).[22]. In: This page was last edited on 7 January 2023, at 18:40. 1 March 2023. Danish Occitan Rusyn I can only find a few examples of this saying online, but lots of examples of the apple never falls far from the tree and similar sayings. (Similarly, Grimm's law did not apply to *p, t, k after *s in Germanic, and the same exception occurred again in the High German consonant shift.). var gcse = document.createElement('script'); Algonquian and Iroquoian [PDF] Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic | Semantic Scholar [9] More recently, Schrijver (2016) has argued that Celtic arose in the Italian Peninsula as the first branch of Italo-Celtic to split off, with areal affinities to Venetic and Sabellian, and identified Proto-Celtic archaeologically with the Canegrate culture of the Late Bronze Age of Italy (c. 13001100 BC).[10]. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. That could imply that they are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Italo-Celtic, which can be partly reconstructed by the comparative method. Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel. Proto-Celtic is generally thought to have been spoken between 1300 and 800 BC, after which it began to split into different languages. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. (OldPolish) It is also possible that some of these are not innovations, but shared conservative features, i.e. (Sinitic, The traditional interpretation of the data is that both sub-groups of the Indo-European language family are generally more closely related to each other than to the other Indo-European languages. A Celtic Encyclopedia Tunisian) Celtic Lexicon - University of Wales Fijian English Proto-Celtic as far as ? Vietnamese Egyptian, Georgian The analysis was based on the DNA of 1,000 Irish individuals and 6,000 from Britain and mainland Europe - and confirms the vast extent of migration between the two islands. Albanian Raji-Raute, Siouan and Pawnee This category contains only the following page. Another future formation, attested only in Gaulish, is the -sye-desiderative. (MiddleKorean) Be the first one to, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/mrogis&oldid=67617047, Proto-Celtic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Romani Proto-West Germanic, Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Proto-Celtic_Swadesh_list&oldid=62506573, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Punjabi [4], Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary, Indogermanisches etymologisches Wrterbuch, https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/uostos&oldid=71568684, Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Jeju Baltic It refers to the idea that people inevitably share traits with or resemble . Proto-celtic Definition & Meaning | YourDictionary Corrections? (Limburgish, Javanese Yiddish The Celtic languages are the languages descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic", a branch of the greater Indo-European language family. Nepali Italian This is the first etymological dictionary of Proto-Celtic to be published after a hundred years, synthesizing the work of several generations of Celtic scholars. While investigating Continental Celtic word-formation, I have come across some isoglosses which allow a less complicated reconstruction and, last not least, a better comprehension of the, Abstract The changes occurring in the Celtic word-field designating offspring are scrutinized and arranged into a somewhat revised relative chronology. IE nom.sg. Uploaded by Egyptian This category has the following 13 subcategories, out of 13 total. Goidelic. Proto-Balto-Slavic 1500 entries. The number of cases is a subject of contention:[12] while Old Irish may have only five, the evidence from Continental Celtic is considered[by whom?] Falling Apples - Omniglot Blog Category:Proto-Celtic lemmas: Proto-Celtic lemmas, categorized by their part of speech. Min Dong), Macedonian It contains a reconstructed lexicon of Proto-Celtic with ca. PIE *sp- became Old Irish s (lenited f-, exactly as for PIE *sw-) and Brythonic f; while Schrijver 1995, p.348 argues there was an intermediate stage *s- (in which * remained an independent phoneme until after Proto-Insular Celtic had diverged into Goidelic and Brythonic), McCone 1996, pp. Penutian Bikol Central It flourished under the, Abstract The article deals with the origin of the Proto-Indo-European comparative suffix. They are usually considered to be innovations, likely to have developed after the breakup of the Proto-Indo-European language. It contains a reconstructed lexicon of Proto-Celtic with ca. Gaul. Asturian- Palatovelars merge into the plain velars: Epenthetic *a is inserted after a syllabic, following a vowel in syllables before the accent (VHC > VC), between plosives in non-initial syllables (CHC > CC), Two adjacent dentals become two adjacent sibilants (TT > ss). Wiktionary Advertisement Find Similar Words Find similar words to proto-celtic using the buttons below. Bangala Austronesian Turkish The introduction contains an overview of the phonological developments from PIE to Proto-Celtic, and the volume includes an appendix treating the probable loanwords from unknown non-IE substrates in Proto-Celtic. Celtic languages share common features with Italic languages that are not found in other branches of Indo-European, suggesting the possibility of an earlier Italo-Celtic linguistic unity. We unlock the potential of millions of people worldwide. Proto-Hellenic Kangean Avar Spanish Whereas Continental Celtic offers plenty of evidence for phonology (the sound system), its records are too scanty to help Read More Q-Celtic languages may also have /p/ in loan words, though in early borrowings from Welsh into Primitive Irish, /k/ was used by sound substitution due to a lack of a /p/ phoneme at the time: Gaelic pg "kiss" was a later borrowing (from the second word of the Latin phrase osculum pacis "kiss of peace") at a stage where p was borrowed directly as p, without substituting c. The PC vowel system is highly comparable to that reconstructed for PIE by Antoine Meillet. on the Internet. Interlingue Please, contact us for this at ats [at] ats-group [dot] net, Advanced Translation Services| Copyright 2001-2023| ATS Translation, Professional Hungarian Translation Services. var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; The considerable genetic legacies of the Vikings, Normans and Ulster plantations has uncovered a previously hidden genetic landscape, shaped by invasions and migrations. The following personal pronouns in Celtic can be reconstructed as follows:[14]:220221[15]:281, The following third-person pronouns in Proto-Celtic may also be reconstructed. s.parentNode.insertBefore(gcse, s); Hmong-Mien You can email a link to this page to a colleague or librarian: The link was not copied. It would then analogically spread to other Celtic strong verb roots ending in sonorants in addition to the weak verbs, even if the root did not originally end in a laryngeal. Amharic UpperSorbian Numbers in Proto-Brythonic How to count in Proto-Brythonic, the reconstructed ancestor of the Brythonic branch of the Insular Celtic languages (Welsh, Cornish, Breton and Cumbric). English Cape Verdean Burushaski Somali In Celtic languages: Common Celtic The reconstruction of Common Celtic (or Proto-Celtic)the parent language that yielded the various tongues of Continental Celtic and Insular Celticis of necessity very tentative. It is not attested in writing but has been partly reconstructed through the comparative method. Tupian Papiamento There are *o-stems, *-stems, *i-stems, *u-stems, dental stems, velar stems, nasal stems, *r-stems and *s-stems. Ivi, Dubravka. In historical linguistics, Italo-Celtic is a hypothetical grouping of the Italic and Celtic branches of the Indo-European language family on the basis of features shared by these two branches and no others. (OldMarathi) Imperative endings in Proto-Celtic were as follows:[14]:147148, The second-person singular imperative was generally endingless in the active; no ending was generally added to athematic verbs. [24][14]:140, Scholarly reconstructions [6][25][26][27] may be summarised in tabular format. The principal lemmata are alphabetically arranged words reconstructed for Proto-Celtic. For a list of words relating to Proto-Celtic language, see the, However, according to Hackstein (2002) *CH.CC > in unstressed medial syllables. The Old Irish a- and s-future come from here.[21]. How to use proto- in a sentence. The reconstruction of Common Celtic (or Proto-Celtic)the parent language that yielded the various tongues of Continental Celtic and Insular Celticis of necessity very tentative. Cornish Frisian Jizhao- The Sound of the Proto-Celtic language (Numbers, Words & Story) ILoveLanguages! Uralic Proto-Indo-European (PIE) voiced aspirate stops *b, *d, *g/, merge with *b, *d, *g/ in PC. Ojibwe The stem might be thematic or athematic, an open or a closed syllable. })(); (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Cornish Dictionary John H Elliott - Empires Of The Atlantic World.pdf Dictionary entries. Hmong It was a descendant of the subjunctive of an Indo-European sigmatic thematic formation *-seti. 1200900 BC. Possibly, post-consonantal laryngeals are lost when before pre-tonic close vowels: Possibly, vocalization of laryngeals to * between a *CR cluster and consonantal *j (CRHjV > CRjV), Syllabic laryngeals become *a (CHC > CaC), Syllabic resonants before a voiced unaspirated stop become *Ra (RD > RaD). On thematic -e/o- verbs, the imperative ended in thematic vowel *-e. However, there is also another second-person singular active imperative ending, -si, which was attached to the verb root athematically even with thematic strong verbs. Appendix:Proto-Celtic Swadesh list - Wiktionary In Gaulish and the Brittonic languages, the Proto-Indo-European *k phoneme becomes a new *p sound. There were two or three major preterite formations in Proto-Celtic, plus another moribund type. Proto-Celtic is often associated with the Urnfield culture and particularly with the Hallstatt culture. Megleno-Romanian This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Irish dictionary. It contains a reconstructed. Those dictionaries published by Brill in the Leiden series have been removed from the University databases for copyright reasons. Ossetian It is a descendant of the Proto-Indo-European (h)se-desirative, with i-reduplication in many verbs. Guinea-BissauCreole As such, the term (s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. ash *onno-ash *oulwan- (?) Insofar as this new /p/ fills the gap in the phoneme inventory which was left by the disappearance of the equivalent stop in PIE, we may think of this as a chain shift. So many of the sound changes that occurred from Proto-Italic to Old Latin to Classical Latin are so interesting. Either derivation requires Narten ablaut anyway, leading to a stem vowel i in the singular and e in the plural. first in time; beginning : giving rise to; parent substance of a (specified) substance Hittite (Neapolitan, Derived from Proto-Indo-European *upo-sth--s (standing beneath), from *up (under) + *steh- (to stand) + *-s (agent suffix). (Cal)- Arabic Proto-Basque Please support me on. Falling Apples. Icelandic 4445 finds it more economical to believe that *sp- remained unchanged in PC, that is, the change *p to * did not happen when *s preceded. This is the first etymological dictionary of Proto-Celtic to be published after a hundred years, synthesizing the work of several generations of Celtic scholars. Presentation [] For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list. Austroasiatic [23], The thematic deponent second-person singular imperative ending was *-eso. Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, is the ancestral proto-language of all known Celtic languages, and a descendant of Proto-Indo-European. (VulgarLatin)- Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic | Brill Kho-Bwa, And unaspirated voiced stops /b d / were devoiced to [p t k] word-initially. Sundanese The stem vowel in the t-preterite was leveled to *e if the next consonant was either velar or *m, and *i in front of *r or *l.[20], One major formation of the future in Celtic, the s-future. Marathi Catalan Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic Publication date 2017-07-14 Topics linguistics, historical linguistics, indo-european languages, celtic languages Collection opensource Language English Proto-Celtic: meaning, synonyms - WordSense The voiced aspirate labiovelar *g did not merge with *g, though: plain *g became PC *b, while aspirated *g became *g. [citation needed] It can be inferred from Gaulish and Celtiberian as well as Insular Celtic that the Proto-Celtic verb had at least three moods: A probable optative mood also features in Gaulish (tixsintor) and an infinitive (with a characteristic ending -unei) in Celtiberian.[17][18]. Abinomn Dictionary Meanings Proto-celtic Definition Proto-celtic Definition Meanings Definition Source Pronoun Filter pronoun The putative ancestor of all the known Celtic languages. There is controversy about the causes of these similarities. Kashubian *bitus 'world, existence' (masculine) (Gaulish Bitu- ~ Old Irish bith ~ Welsh byd ~ Breton bed), Before the *-s of the nominative singular, a velar consonant was fricated to *-x: *rg- "king" > *rxs. middle imperative", An etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language, http://www.angelfire.com/me/ik/gaulish.html, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series, 9, etymological dictionaries of various IE languages, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proto-Celtic_language&oldid=1142903141, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2022, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2011, Articles containing Proto-Celtic-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2010, Articles with disputed statements from January 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. TokPisin There is controversy about the causes of these similarities. Contents 1 Proto-Celtic 1.1 Etymology 1.2 Noun 1.2.1 Inflection 1.2.2 Alternative reconstructions 1.2.3 Descendants 1.3 References Proto-Celtic [ edit] Each lemma contains the reflexes of the Proto-Celtic words in the individual Celtic languages, the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) roots from which they developed, as well as the cognate forms from other Indo-European languages. Generally,*s-stems contain an *-es-, which becomes *-os in the nominative singular: *teges- 'house' > *tegos. Proto-Germanic The principal lemmata are alphabetically arranged words reconstructed for Proto-Celtic. gcse.async = true; French Konkani Ancillary study: Sound Change, the Italo-Celtic Linguistic Unity, and the Italian Homeland of Celtic", "Laryngeal Realism and early Insular Celtic orthography", "Old Irish cuire, its congeners, and the ending of the 2nd sg. gcse.src = 'https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=' + cx; (Old, The. Malagasy That is hardly even a cousin, it is practically a sister! However, Schumacher[4] and Schrijver[5] suggest a date for Proto-Celtic as early as the 13th century BC, the time of the Canegrate culture, in northwest Italy, and the Urnfield culture in Central Europe, implying that the divergence may have already started in the Bronze Age.[why?]. Armenian Central Atlas Tamazight) Etymological Dictionary Of Proto Celtic - Internet Archive au 3 (aue); u English meaning: from, away, of Deutsche bersetzung: "herab, weg von " Material: O.Ind. Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series, Dictionaries, Encyclopedias & Bibliographies, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb. HaitianCreole Cebuano Garo Similar developments appear in Italic, but for the syllabic nasals *m, *n, the result is Proto-Italic *m, *n (> Latin em ~ im, en ~ in). This is the first etymological dictionary of Proto-Celtic to be published after a hundred years, synthesizing the work of several generations of Celtic scholars. Persian German Celtic sacred trees - Wikipedia LowerSorbian Greek AntilleanCreole At the moment we have published the following online documents: [3] The fact that it is possible to reconstruct a Proto-Celtic word for 'iron' (traditionally reconstructed as *sarnom) has long been taken as an indication that the divergence into individual Celtic languages did not start until the Iron Age (8th century BCE to 1st century BCE); otherwise, descendant languages would have developed their own, unrelated words for their metal. They were used to form the present, future, and subjunctive conjugations.[14]. LowSaxon EMPIRES OF THE ATLANTIC WORLD EMPIRES OF THE ATLANTIC WORLD Britain and Spain in America 1492-1830 J. H. Elliott Yale University Press New Haven and London The s-, t-, and root aorist preterites take Indo-European secondary endings, while the reduplicated suffix preterite took stative endings. Bad luck? LOL - English Vocabulary - English - The Free Dictionary The article by R. Matasovi begins by dealing with the syntactic features of Insular Celtic languages, The question of possible Italo-Celtic unity has been amply discussed so far. Dravidian The assumed period of language contact could then be later and perhaps continue well into the first millennium BC. Sumerian English-Celtic Dictionary Online and Free Celtic Translation What is commonly accepted is that the shared features may usefully be thought of as Italo-Celtic forms, as they are certainly shared by the two families and are almost certainly not coincidental. Finnic It contains a reconstructed lexicon of Proto-Celtic with ca. Nynorsk) Proto-Italic The following consonants have been reconstructed for Proto-Celtic (PC): PC stops allophonically manifest similarly to those in English. Irish Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings Slavic Galician That hypothesis fell out of favour after it was re-examined by Calvert Watkins in 1966. Belarusian Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Gaulish and Latin, include claie (wicker rack, trellis, hurdle) in French and cheda (wattled laterals at the base of a traditional cart) in Galician [ source ]. *m is assimilated or lost before a glide: *p assimilates to *k when another *k follows later in the word (pk > kk). Paleosiberian Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/mrogis - Wiktionary Celtic Dictionary. Want to add New Dictionary? If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and . Korean PDF English - ProtoCeltic WordList - University of Wales This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 06:08. (Mandarin Tibeto-Burman (Nepal)) Category:Proto-Celtic names: Proto-Celtic terms that are used to refer to specific individuals or groups. Is there a Proto-Italic dictionary? : r/linguistics

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